canyonwalker: wiseguy (Default)
Ohio Waterfalls Travelog #21
Wheeling, WV · Mon, 20 Apr 2026. 3pm

Update: Wow, this blog got delayed way longer than I expected. Do you remember where we were a few hours before this?

As we got back to the car after our previous hike, Rockstall Falls outside of Logan, Ohio, Hawk and I were discussing what to do with the rest of the day. Our hotel reservation tonight is in Columbus, and we had nothing else planned. It was only 12:30pm.

"Here's a wild idea," I said. "Let's go to Wheeling, West Virginia!"

Why? Why not? ...Or maybe "Just so we can take a shit on West Virginia and leave." (Yes, I proposed that. Hawk countered that we could eat lunch there... then shit on WV and leave. 🤣)

As I drove us out of the deeply rural parts of Ohio and onto a state road where we could get signal, Hawk looked up things to do in Wheeling on her phone. "There's a bridge there, over the Ohio River. It's a park. You can walk over the bridge."

That sounded like more fun than than eating, shitting, and leaving. Especially because, timing-wise, we'd want to eat long before getting to Wheeling. 😅 Little did I know, though, what "You can walk over the bridge" would mean.

You see, I'm a bridge buff. I have been since I was 6 and wanted to be a civil engineer when I grew up, designing bridges, tunnels, and skyscrapers.

The Ohio River Bridge in Wheeling, WV - a cable stayed suspension bridge from 1849! (Apr 2026)

There are bridges, then there are bridges. This bridge turns out to be a cable-stayed suspension bridge. And it was built in 1846-1849.

An Early Version of a Modern Bridge

Okay, those last two sentences probably mean very little to you. Like they would've meant very little to me at age 6 when I first wanted to be a civil engineer. By my teens I became more interested in computer science than civil engineering. But I never gave up on bridges. I took a civil engineering course in college. I entered a bridge design in a contest. I won.

Back when I was 6 (and 8, and 12, and maybe even after that) I was always fascinated by all the bridges and tunnels we'd cross when my parents would drive us to New York City to visit my grandmother, I always wanted to be awake for all the bridges and tunnels. Even if it was 3am.

My favorite bridge back then was the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in NYC. It was the longest main span suspension bridge from the time it was finished, in 1964, until 1981. Its center span was longer than that of San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, a fact my childhood friends always fought me on. And it remains the longest main span bridge in the western hemisphere.

The Verrazano was superlative for its scale but not its design. The architecture of the bridge, a cable-stayed suspension bridge, was proved historically in 1883 by the Brooklyn Bridge. You know what the Brooklyn Bridge looks like, right? Picture it....

The Ohio River Bridge in Wheeling, WV - a cable stayed suspension bridge from 1849! (Apr 2026)

Boom. There it is, right? Wrong. This is a photo I took today, in Wheeling. This is the bridge over the Ohio River in Wheeling, West Virginia. And it was built 34 years before the Brooklyn Bridge. In fact, in 1849 it wasn't even in Wheeling, West Virginia. It was in Wheeling, Virginia. This bridge predates not just the way more famous Brooklyn Bridge, it predates the US Civil War!

The main span of this bridge is 1010' feet, very short compared to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge's 4,260 feet, but not too far off the Brooklyn Bridge's 1595.5 feet.

The Ohio River Bridge in Wheeling, WV - a cable stayed suspension bridge from 1849! (Apr 2026)

This bridge was also part of the early interstate highway system.

Everyone in the US knows the modern interstate highway system. You know, the roads we all prefix with "I-". I-5, I-10, I-90, I-95. The roads that were built after WWII. But before them was an older interstate highway system, the US routes. US-1, US-40, US-101, etc. In fact US-40 was routed over this bridge for many years. (Now it's routed over a newer bridge about 100 meters away, along with I-70.) But before even US-40 and its kin there was... The National Road.

Yes, The National Road.

It's like The Area Code when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Back then everyone's phone number was just "1". 😂

The National Road was authorized by Congress in 1806 and signed into law by President Thomas Jefferson. Initially the road traversed from Cumberland, Maryland, to the Ohio River in Wheeling, Virginia. In 1825 they started building the National Road on the other side of the river. The road eventually extended to Illinois. But travelers on the road— horse riders— had to cross the river here by ferry. This early suspension bridge created a continuous link from the outskirts of Baltimore to the midwest. It was like the Route 66 of the pre-Civil War era.

canyonwalker: wiseguy (Wiseguy)
Ohio Waterfalls Travelog #19
Circleville, OH · Sun, 19 Apr 2026. 10pm

After a couple of hikes today— which I'll catch up on later, per my change of tempo in blogging about this trip— we came back to our hotel in Circleville. Again we called it an early-ish day, tired out from hiking already. But this evening, unlike the past three evenings in Circleville, we were hungry for dinner here. So we checked out local restaurants.

It turns out Circleville is kind of Chicken Wing-ville. Just within 1/2 of our hotel are three restaurants that specialize in chicken wings. We picked the one that's fast food. It was genuinely good, with very tender chicken and lots of sauce options.

Speaking of what you can find when you check a map of the area around our hotel, "Chicken Wing-ville" isn't the only sobriquet you might come up with for Circleville. You could also start wondering if Circleville is actually.... Hitler-ville. Multiple place names in Circleville are Hitler-this or Hitler-that. There's a Hitler Park, a Hitler Pond, and at least one business named for Hitler. These are just what I happened to notice on Google Maps when I was browsing for restaurants nearby.

WTF? I wondered. Did I accidentally book us into a hotbed of racism like when I picked a hotel near the headquarters of an overtly racist, white-supremacist organization in Arkansas?

No! The Circleville Hitlers are the good Hitlers, numerous other blogs tell me. 🤣 It's the name of an influential pioneer family that helped settle this area in the late 1700s and early 1800s— well before the bad Hitler was even born. Example reference: All That's Interesting blog from 2018 (retrieved April 2026).

I get it that a name is just a name, and the good Hitlers had theirs first. But when a name is held by a singularly awful world leader who declared war on democracies around the world and committed the worst genocide of the modern era, it's time to think about changing. Anybody living in the current time line since, say, 1943 should be able to figure this one out. Changing your name is a legitimate choice. Thus not changing a name, particularly not renaming public landmarks and businesses— which are not like asking a person to change the name they and their parents and grandparents were born with— is also a choice.

canyonwalker: Roll to hit! (d&d)
My D&D group playing my adventure story The Collector's Menagerie spent much of the last session doing battle in the basement. After fighting the owlbear in the Hall to rescue the butler and get some sense of the challenge at hand the group decided that they would clean house bottom to top. Especially because they heard faint cries for help wafting up the servants' staircase from the underground level. Though first they checked out the chirping coming from the Conservatory. Finding there were stirges there, they closed the door on them and left. Then it was time to head downstairs and rescue the servants calling for help.

A Little 9-Ball Torture, Anyone?

On their way around to the stairs the PCs peered through a wrecked door (the owlbear had damaged a lot of things in this part of the mansion) into one of the rooms along the front façade of the mansion.

The Billiard Room, from the 1972 edition of Clue (Feb 2026)"The room is sumptuously wood paneled but otherwise Spartan except for a large table sitting slightly askew in the middle of the room," I told them. "The table is quite stout, and about 8 feet by 4 feet across the top. A raised lip surrounds the table top. Below that lip the table is covered with green fabric. Several white, stone balls are scattered across the surface, and two light maces site among them."

"It's probably a torture chamber," one of the players scoffed with a laugh.

Dipshits. Did we not already establish that this mansion is like the one in the game of Clue? It's the Billiard Room! 🤣

(BTW, my description of "light maces" on the table comes from a quick bit of research I did about the history of billiards. I didn't want it to be an anachronism that a wealthy person in this game world owned a billiard table. I'm giving my world a technology level roughly corresponding to 1600. I found that billiards had been around for upwards of 200 years by then. It had been adapted from croquet, though, an outdoors lawn sport that used mallets. Thus the indoor version used small mallets, called maces. The modern version with cue sticks would evolve later.)

As the group descended the narrow stairs a sense of foreboding grew. Occasional cries for help, in a weak but deep man's voice, continued. "Help, help me." The air cooled to a chill as they descended and an awful spell of rot and decay filled everyone's noses.

A wide, plain stone corridor stretch into darkness at the bottom of the stairs. Its end was beyond the reach of the group's lights. The magic lights provided by Ryuu-Han, who had a seemingly endless number of small but useful gadgets in his magical man-bag.

The Crypt 

The group moved in close formation, wary that there might be a trap or a monster crouched in hiding, and not wanting to be split up.

First they peered through an open portal on the left side of the corridor. With their enchanted torchlight they saw a crypt: a chamber with stone pillars and stone coffins, and at the center a bier atop an alabaster dais. There appeared to be a body under a light drape on the bier.

Satisfied that nothing in the crypt seemed to be shaking, the group moved on without checking out its deep shadows.

The Kitchen 

Through a wide door on the other side of the corridor the group found the Kitchen. Prep tables, hearths, and storage barrels were lit at weird angles by enchanted torches knocked to the ground. Here the air reeked of spoiled meat, a different olfactory offense than the stench of trash and waste out in the corridor.

Herran the ranger entered the kitchen first. Herran had taken the brunt of damage from the last two monster encounters, the owlbear and the stirges, so it made sense to send him in first again. 😣

A carrion crawler, a classic D&D monster, looks like an 8-foot long carnivorous centipede (Feb 2026)"Guys, it looks clear in here!" Herran announced just before he turned around and saw... a 8-foot long centipede-like creature with a mount full of sharp teeth crawling down the wall behind him.

The monster, a carrion crawler, swatted at Herran with one of its tentacles. It hit, stinging him with a contact poison that caused paralysis. 😨 Herran was unable to move, unable even to speak, as the monster moved around behind him to start eating him.

Fortunately for Herran he wasn't alone. Leoghnie wasn't about to let some overgrown arthropod make a meal out of her friend, even if it was thematically appropriate for being in the Kitchen. 🤣

Leoghnie stepped up, braving the crawler's waving tentacles herself. Sword already in hand, she lost no time joining the fight. With an mighty overhand blow, still aided by the strength enhancement from Kiarana's divine blessing, she chopped a big chunk out of the crawler's side.

Ryuu-Han acted next. Speaking words of magical conjuration he thrust his hand forward and launched a glob of acid at the monster. The acid sizzled and burned the creature's slimy hide.

Otonio stepped up to fight, as well. The group had been skeptical of him. With his foppish attire and noble lineage they suspected he was just cosplaying as a guard officer for his two-days-a-month duty. But he plunged his rapier deep into the monster's body, killing it.

Kiarana stepped forward to cure Herran's temporary paralysis with one of her spells. But the danger wasn't over.

Swarm of undead (modified web image)

The group's focus on the battle in the kitchen created a perfect opportunity a pair of ghouls hiding in the darkness in the crypt to attack. Yes, there were monsters hiding in the darkness the group didn't detect! And with the group's big warriors fighting the carrion crawler toe-to-... hundred toes in the kitchen, the ghouls attacked from behind against the unarmored Ryuu-Han.

The ghouls were human-like forms dressed in clothing hanging in rags over their mottled, decaying flesh. Bones poked out, mouths were full of sharp teeth, and eyes burned like hot coals in their sunken sockets.

"Zombies!" shouted Ryuu-Han.

Otonio once again rushed forward, defying his typecasting as the idle rich kid. One of the ghouls lunged and bit at him. Its sharp teeth tore through his handsome doublet but— CHUNK! couldn't penetrate the thin layer of mail hidden underneath.

As Ryuu-Han and Otonio started to fight back, the cleric Kiarana— still in the kitchen— spun around in anger at the report of undead. She raised the holy sunburst medallion from her neck and called upon the power of Reema, Goddess of the Sun and its Life-Giving Warmth. Rays of light burst from her medallion, passing between the arms and over the shoulders of Ryuu-Han and Otonio, and striking the ghouls. The power of the sun lit their undead bodies. Their skin glowed and started to crackle. Their eyes flared from smoldering orbs to burning flames. In a split-second flash that seemed to play out in slow motion, their bodies burned to ash.

Kkarana hadn't just invoked her power to Turn Undead, she made it a Greater Turn Undead.

To be continued....

canyonwalker: Mr. Moneybags enjoys his wealth (money)
There seems to be a cottage industry writing articles for the mainstream financial press about why affluent people are unhappy. "A Nation of Miserable Millionaires" touts the headline of one such article from MoneyWise in December. "Millionaires Don’t Feel Affluent" reads the section header in another MoneyWise article from last month. One I saw in my newsfeed last month but can't find by search right now asked something like "Why are there so many whiny millionaires?" in its title (perhaps it was retracted or retitled).

To the broad, general question of "Why don't millionaires feel rich?" I can tell you why. The simple answer is it's because we're not rich. ...Or at least not rich like you think we are.

Yes, I'm using first person pronouns here. I am a millionaire. But before you write me off as yet-another 1%-er complaining I'm not wealthy, understand first that millionaires are not the 1%. It's estimated that there are 24 million of us in the US. That's 9% of US adults. In high cost of living (HCOL) states like California, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Washington, DC we may not even be in the top 10%.

Being a millionaire isn't as ritzy as you might think it is. The term has been in popular use for over 100 years, and you're probably reacting to it based on connotations from 50 or 100 years ago. The writers of these mainstream financial articles sure seem to be counting on such misunderstandings as subtext. Consider these historical reference points:

  • As a cultural concept, "millionaire" first appeared in regularly print in late 1800s, in the Gilded Age. The industrial titans it described, though, didn't have just one million dollars, they already had tens of millions, or more. And that's in 1890 money. In today's economy they would be billionaires. The wealthiest people today are centi-billionaires. Elon Musk has an estimated net worth of $700 billion— that's 700,000 times as much as being a millionaire.

  • Millionaires as a social class were portrayed and romanticized by F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby (1925). The story's protagonist, Jay Gatsby, was said to have $1.25 million in 1922. By a simple inflation calculation that's $20 million today. But the lifestyle Gatsby led in the book would not work on $20 million today. A mansion in The Hamptons, fancy cars, lavish parties, and a devil-may-care attitude? Yeah, maybe you could front that for a few years on 20 mil, but then you'd be broke. (Source: a friend's parents who own a starter home in the Hamptons and have zero fancy cars, zero household staff, and have only ever hosted two lavish parties— the wedding celebrations for two of their children.)

  • The fictional character of Thurston Howell in Gilligan's Island is repeatedly described as "A Millionaire". It's right in the show's catchy theme song! But based on the wealth he's described to have in 1964 when the show premiered— owning a corporate conglomerate, extensive real estate holdings, etc.— I'd peg him at at least $100 million in 1964 dollars and at least a billionaire today. In fact he was a billionaire in 1964. It's in the script of the first episode. A radio announcer describing the accident states "Billionaire Thurston Howell III" is among the missing.


So, when you hear "millionaire" and picture someone who lives a life of ease, someone who owns a huge house, fancy cars, has lavish possessions, employs household staff, wines, dines and travels extensively, someone who does all the above without having to work, you're at least 100 years out of date. The threshold for that kind of lifestyle today is at least $50 million wealth and more likely $100+ million.

Ratchet back that lifestyle to owning an upper-middle class house, one modest vacation home, a couple nice cars worth merely $100,000 each, and a cleaner who comes in twice a week, and— unless you're living paycheck-to-paycheck while earning $800,000+ a year to pay it off— we're still talking probably $10 million minimum.

You can see from these examples that being a millionaire no longer buys the "millionaire" lifestyle.

That said, being a millionaire sure still beats being poor. I know, because I grew up in a family of modest means. There were times I walked to school in shoes with holes in them. However much I have today, I don't forget where I came from.

So, why are millionaires like me not feeling rich? Popular news media— the kind I started this article by referencing— offers all kinds of answers that are simple, neat, and wrong.

  • Lifestyle inflation is one popular canard. As we've traded up from ordinary goods to luxuries, this argument goes, we've renormalized luxuries as basics. Trading in our starter homes for McMansions, our Toyotas for Mercedes-Benzes, and public school for our kids for tony private academies, we've forgotten that plenty of people live fulfilling lives with 3bdr/2ba houses, Toyota Camrys, and kids attending Lincoln High. In actual fact many US millionaires in 2025 still lived in middle-class homes, drove cars like a 5-year-old Toyota Camry, and earned State College degrees. My family's two cars are 7 and 14 years old, and we live in a townhouse.

  • Social media comparison is another frequently cited ill. We're all so obsessed with keeping up with the Joneses— which sometimes means keeping up with the curated, fake image they portray on social media— that we see ourselves as poor in comparison. It's true that some people fall into this trap, particularly younger people who've never had to leave their socioeconomic bubble, but it's far from all of us. Especially those of us who've worked hard, saved aggressively, and invested carefully for decades to raise ourselves up a few levels on the wealth and income scale.

  • Inability to stop counting our wealth is a fanciful hypothesis I encountered just recently. All I can say about this one is the author seems to have watched a cartoon of Scrooge McDuck hunched over his desk obsessively counting his gold coins and thought, "Yes! That's what real-life millionaires must be like!"


One thing none, none, of these authors appear to have done is ask an actual millionaire, "Why aren't you happy?" Instead they pile on stereotypes and class warfare notions. So let me, a real-life millionaire, tell you what I think worries us plain, old millionaires in 2026. It's one word:

Security.

I don't mean physical security, like living in a mansion behind wrought iron fences with a team of attack dogs I can sic on intruders by calling out, "Smithers! Release the hounds." No, that's billionaire lifestyle. Montgomery J. Burns in The Simpsons is a billionaire. The fabulously wealthy people today who are building extensive underground bunkers in their compounds? They're billionaires. Even centi-billionaires. (Mark Zuckerberg has estimated net worth of $250 billion, Elon Musk upwards of $700 billion.)

We mere millionaires are not worried about riding out the zombie apocalypse in style. We're worried, simply, "What if our wealth runs out?" Especially in the US that's a grim and all-too-real prospect. And it does not require lavish living! Putting a few kids through four-year college can chew up a fair fraction of a million. Then there's medical bills. The prospect of getting sick in the US, especially getting sick with a debilitating disease, is scary. Plenty of survivable conditions can chew up over $100,000 a year to survive. And a portfolio of $1 million doesn't go far in retirement, even if you don't get sick and face crushing medical expenses. Heck, just being really old and needing a managed care home can cost $100,000 a year— for something that doesn't look and feel like the setting from a horror movie. One of my grandparents faced that situation in her 90s, and it drained most of her life savings, including all the money from selling the house in outside Washington, D.C. she lived in for 50+ years, in 4 years.

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
North Coast Roadtrip travelog #8
Shelter Cove · Sun, 27 Jul 2025, 11:30am

Sunday morning after visiting the Black Sand Beach(es) just north of where we stayed for the night on the Lost Coast we drove back past the inn to the small marina on the south end of town at Shelter Cove.

The Cape Mendocino Lighthouse, now moved to Shelter Cove (Jul 2025)

The first thing you notice at Shelter Cove, after driving past an airstrip— I guess flying is an easier way to get here than driving the steep mountain roads— and a shockingly packed "campground" that is just a parking lot full of RVs and trailers parked next to each other, is a lighthouse. And it's a short light house. Like, the lamp in it (which has been removed) wouldn't have been much higher than about 22' (6.5 meters) above the ground. Why not a tall lighthouse like the classic ones seen all over the Atlantic coast and even around the Great Lakes?

The answer is explained in a historical marker outside the lighthouse. This lighthouse wasn't originally located here, on this flat field atop a low cliff. It was originally built for Cape Mendocino 30 miles north, where it sat atop a cliff 400' above the ocean. It didn't need to be tall since it was already high. Its light could be seen 28 miles out at sea.

The lighthouse went into operation at Cape Mendocino in 1868. It served for over 100 years before the Coast Guard decommissioned it due to its clifftop perch become unstable and becoming too expensive to maintain. The lighthouse was moved here and restored in the 1990s by a nonprofit group.

Visiting the tide pools at Shelter Cove on the Lost Coast (Jul 2025)

While we were at the cove we also climbed down the stairs to beach to see the cove. There are rocky shallows here where the innkeeper this morning boasted that, if our timing was right, we'd see all five kinds of starfish in the tide pools. Five kinds of starfish? WTF, they come in 4-, 6-, 8- and 10-armed varieties in addition to the standard 5 shape? 😂

Well, it was a bad day for starfish as we saw exactly zero of them in the tide pools. These were frankly very lame tide pools, just stinky water and weeds. It's nothing like the tide pools at Cabrillo National Monument in San Diego. And the grim weather here is nothing like that beautiful sunny day in February we enjoyed in San Diego.

Of course, it is a sunny day here. It's sunny above the fog layer. As one of my high school guidance counselors years ago loved to say on rainy/cloudy days, The sun is shining, you just can't see it! 😎

canyonwalker: Hangin' in a hammock (life's a beach)
Italy Travelog #18
Chia, Sardinia - Wednesday, 28 May 2025, 10am

We've been in Sardinia for almost a day at this point. We've been taking it easy for the most part. Yesterday we had lunch with colleagues after arrival, then I crashed in our room for a few hours before the reception dinner. This morning we enjoyed a leisurely breakfast at the hotel then got ready for the day's outing— a cave tour. While we're en route to the cave I'm jotting down a few notes about Sardinia thus far.

Random view of the Sardinian coast (May 2025)

The first is that it's beautiful here, and rural. Sardinia has a population of about 1.6 million. That may seem like a lot; it'd be a fair sized city, if it were a city. But Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean. A size comparison shows it's about the size of Vermont. ...Well, Vermont has 6500,000 people, so Sardinia is less rural than Vermont. Perhaps a better comparison would be to Sicily, the largest Mediterranean island, which is only slightly larger than Sardinia and has 3x the population.

Part of what makes Sardinia feel so rural is that the coast is very wilderness-y. There are no towns along the rugged coastline, no multi-million-dollar mansions, no high-rise resort hotels. I've heard accounts from two people now, including a local archaeology Ph.D., that the "no towns" thing is because of the historic threats of invasion and piracy. Occupants of the island from hundreds of years ago to thousands of years ago built villages inland so they wouldn't be so exposed to marauders; whether the Romans, the Carthaginians, the Phoenicians, the Moors, or the Spanish.

Speaking of the Spanish, it's actually the Catalans who've had a strong influence here. Our tour guide (the aforementioned archaeology Ph.D.) mentioned that with a broad smile because two of our companions on our little group trek are Catalan, from Barcelona. For hundreds of years during the Middle Ages Catalans ruled the island. There are still communities of Catalans on the island today, though they are in the north and we're traveling around the far south.

One other thing that strikes me as we're driving around these remote parts of the coast in Sardinia is that it looks and feels a lot like California. Except for the road signs being in Italian I could almost swear I'm on the central coast. It's the rugged coast, the mountains near the water, and the types of trees and shrubs all around us. Climate-wise, it's a similar climate.
canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #9
Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 3pm

Our tour guide left us atop the Palatine Hill overlooking the Roman Forum. We were a little miffed about that. For one, we felt like our tour guide was "timing us out" 2.5 hours into what was supposed to be a 3 hour tour. The guide arrived 15 minutes late, and the organizer assured us multiple times that timing would be a problem. "He'll stay with you as long as you need," the guy assured us. Bzzt! That carriage turned into a pumpking right on schedule, nevermind that it rolled up 15 minutes late to the ball. And two, the guide left us as we were overlooking a history-rich area we would have loved to have an knowledgeable person guide us through, the Roman Forum.

View of Rome's Via Sacra from Palatine Hill (May 2025)

Oh, and three, we weren't sure how to get down off the hill into the area below.

Well, the power of the Internet in our pockets helped with that. We doubled back toward the Colosseum, which you can see in the distance in the next photo.

The Roman Forum (May 2025)

Fortunately we didn't have to go as far back as the Colosseum, just maybe 1/4 that distance. Then down the steps. Lots of steps.

It's kind of funny but for years when I've heard "Roman Forum" I've thought of a political forum; as in, this is the place where Rome's senators met to discuss lawmaking. Bzzt! It's was more like Main Street, USA... except for being Main Street, SPQR. In the photo above you can see the remnants of some of the temples and public memorials erected in ancient times.

The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, dedicated in 141 CE (May 2025)

This building (above) looked pretty cool. It's one of several temples in the forum. This one's not to a god, though, but to Antoninus and Faustina, an emperor and his wife. It was dedicated by the Roman Senate in 161 CE. Later it was turned into a Catholic church, after the facade was stolen— by the Catholic church, to pretty up another Catholic church. The brick steps would've been put in a few hundred years ago to replace stone steps they stole.

Looking up at Palatine Hill from the Roman Forum (May 2025)

As we walked down the Via Sacra of the Roman Forum one other thing that was interesting was the Palatine Hill itself. A lot is built into the side of it. And you can see people standing on a viewing platform at the top. That's where we were when our guide pumpkined out on us and where I made the first two photos in this journal entry.

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #8
Palatine Hill, Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 1:30pm

Have you seen Caesar's Palace? No, not the casino in Las Vegas; I mean the real Caesar's Palace. The original, in Rome.

Well, I was just there, atop the Palatine Hill in Rome, and I can barely say I saw it, either. That's because Caesar's Palace, called Domus Augustus (the Home of Augustus), which was built almost 2,000 years ago is today in ruins. And even the ruins haven't always been well cared for.



The palace fell into disuse after the fall of the Roman Empire then crumbled. Many of its stones were stolen—or "repurposed" to build or decorate buildings elsewhere, either in Rome or overseas. Plus there was natural deterioration and an earthquake. Together these left the palace not even a shell of its former self; more of an outline of where something amazing once stood. And it got covered over in dirt.

The ruins were rediscovered in the late 17th and early 18th centuries by wealthy landowners. They did some of the excavation and began "repurposing" all over again. They replaced several of the original limestone and marble walls with 17th century bricks, and turned the area into an open-air garden.

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #7
Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 12:30pm

In planning our visit to the Colosseum today we debated whether to hire a tour guide. Generally we like to get around by our own wits— see also, walking and taking the subway to the Colosseum this morning. Though it's not so much that we dislike tour guides as we hate tour groups. We hate seeing/hearing just the least-common-denominator stuff and having to move as slow as the slowest group member— which, in our experience, is often a person who can barely walk and wants to stop for smoke breaks and/or gift shopping frequently. But when we were investigating how to visit the Colosseum on our own we found that it would take a lot of planning effort and still likely entail waiting in long lines when we got here— two other things that we also hate. So we booked a guided tour, a private guided tour, for a few hundred dollars.

Our guide started us out with a history of the Colosseum. It was basically an R-rated soap opera of ancient times. It was a string of one emperor who murdered another, whose mother murdered all his rivals, who then murdered his mother to consolidate power, who then was murdered by rivals without his murderous mother to protect him, et cetera.

"I'm really not interested in who murdered whom," I said with a bit of a snarky tone in my voice. I mean, it's hard not to be snarky when saying those particular words! "I'd like to spend time seeing the architecture of the Colosseum."

That's one of the nice things about private tours: you can customize them to your liking. Our guide shifted from dwelling on ancient incest and murder to taking us around the whole mezzanine level of the Colosseum and the ground level, too.

Visiting the Rome Colosseum (May 2025)

One bit of history I do remember from amid the saga of who-killed-whom was that the Colosseum was built starting in 69 CE. It took 8 years, the guide told us. "That's a long time."

"That's nothing," I shot back. "In San Francisco, where we're from, it took the city 4 years just to build a few toilets."

And to raise money— and labor— to build the Colosseum in those 4 years, the Roman Empire went out and sacked Jerusalem. They scraped out a lot of the treasure and took Jews slaves. "Wow," I quipped, "It's  like some Roman architect saw the pyramids in Egypt and said, 'We've got to hire— I mean, enslave— their construction crew!'"

canyonwalker: Hangin' in a hammock (life's a beach)
Georgia Travelog #5
Talahi Island, GA - Monday, 7 Apr 2025, 3:30pm

Today we continued touring in/near Savannah, Georgia with my sister, B. Her husband and daughter didn't join us as they were busy with work and school, respectively. Whereas yesterday we toured in downtown Savannah today we went out to the coast east of town. Our first stop— well, second if I count stopping for lunch along the way— was at Tybee Island.

Tybee Island beach, Georgia (Apr 2025)

There are miles of public beaches on Tybee Island. We drove to near the southern end of the island, where there's a pavilion and pier and a cluster of hotels and shops. I'm not sure why we did that; we didn't need or even particularly want any of the touristy stuff. Though after walking around in the sand for an hour it was satisfying to get ice cream at an ice cream stand a block back from the beach.

The weather wasn't the greatest for having a beach day so we didn't make a day of it. The water was cold and the wind was gusting hard as a storm front moved into the area (it would hit later in the day). In the photo above you can see our hats flapping in the strong wind. Our lanyards were necessary to keep them from flying off our heads every 20 seconds.

After the beach we drove back inland a bit to Fort Pulaski National Monument.

Inside Civil War-era Fort Pulaski National Monument, Georgia (Apr 2025)

Fort Pulaski is a Civil War-era military fort downriver from Savannah. It was seized by the Confederates prior to the declaration of war in 1861 and then captured by the Union in 1862. It has an interesting bit of significance in military history. Its capture by the Union army in 1862 demonstrated the power of rifled canons.

Smooth bore canons were considered incapable of breaching the masonry walls of a fort such as this, especially from the distance of 1.0 - 1.5 miles away where the Union placed its canons. But rifled bore canons changed the equations. They could fire heavier projectiles farther, with greater velocity, and with higher accuracy. When the Union opened fire on Fort Pulaski they breached the walls on the second day of battle. The commander of the fort surrendered 2 hours later. The Union held the fort through the remainder of the war. It was decommissioned about 10 years later as the standardization of rifled canons made it obsolete.

canyonwalker: Sullivan, a male golden eagle at UC Davis Raptor Center (Golden Eagle)
Georgia Travelog #4
Savannah, GA - Sunday, 6 Apr 2025, 2pm

Today we headed into downtown Savannah for a bit of self-guided sightseeing. Our plan wasn't rigorous; it was as simple as "Here are two places related to rock collections Hawk wants to see; we'll walk around and see other things nearby." It turned out to be a fortuitous plan as Savannah is studded with small urban parks showcasing its history.

One thing interesting about Savannah is how its public presentation of its history compares to that of Charleston, South Carolina. Both are port cities established ~300 years ago that were important trade hubs from colonial times through the start of the US as an independent nation. But whereas Charleston's self-accounting of its history focuses on the Civil War— and the city's role in declaring war against the United States and the rule of law under the Constitution to preserve the brutal institution of slavery— Savannah's historical exhibits in its parks show its role in the Revolutionary War.

Monument to Haitian soldiers of African descent who fought in the American Revolution (Apr 2025)

In addition to the typical "George Washington slept here" kind of markers relating to the Revolutionary era, we found displays like the one above, a monument to Haitian soldiers of African descent who fought on the side of independence. The inscription on the monument shown above indicates that the young drummer in the Battle of Savannah in 1779 represents Henri Christophe, who later led Haiti's war of independence against the French, ending in 1803.

It was fun taking a self-guided tour through Savannah. In addition to the many small parks and historical displays I enjoyed seeing the range of architecture. There are renovated old brick buildings dating back to the 1800s as well as early modern era skyscrapers from about 100 years ago. The latter are interesting because while they only rise 10-15 floors high versus the 50, 60, or 100 or more storeys common today, they include stonework and other architectural details that make them visually appealing. As I quipped to my niece, A., who's a student at Savannah College of Art and Design, "Architecture is art you can live in."

canyonwalker: wiseguy (transit)
Panama Travelog #33
Panama City, Panama - Sun, 29 Dec 2024. 4pm.

Today we visited Casco Viejo, the old town section of Panama City. It dates back to plans laid out in the late 1500s, with the city as an actual thing (i.e., streets and buildings actually constructed, not just planned) appearing in the later 1600s.

We toured on foot, and by ourselves. We could have bought into a bus tour like sites like Tripadvisor and Viator recommend, but that's not our style. We don't want to travel in groups of anywhere from 12 to 35, with the speed of the group being limited by the least healthy, least curious about foreign culture and history, members. And to get the full experience of getting around in Panama City we didn't even hire a car to get there. We took the subway.

Panama City's subway is relatively modern and appallingly cheap. A flat fare of 35¢ gets you anywhere you want to go. There aren't a huge number of choices about where to go, though, as there are only 2 subway lines. We boarded from a station 2 blocks from our hotel and rode to the end of the line, which was about a mile from Casco Viejo. That was fine with us, as we considered the walk through the street markets and old town part of the sightseeing.

I've got to say, touring Casco Viejo was not particularly fun. Panama City is not a beautiful city to look at. Yes, when seen from a distance, such as from the window of an airplane, the city's many bank and residential skyscrapers create an impressive skyline. But down on the ground, the spaces between and beyond those skyscrapers look like shit. Even where our hotel is, in the banking district, the streets are a mess. You can't walk 10' without having to step over or around a massive pothole filled with water or someplace where a tile is missing. In the old town seemingly half the buildings are abandoned, their roofs collapsed and once-stylish balconies supporting by scaffolding so they don't collapse, too, and kill pedestrians on the street. It's a shame because many of these buildings show beautiful architectural details from the late 1800s/early 1900s but look like they've been left to rot for at least 50 years.

For lunch we found a humble-looking taco shop in one of the squares. It was next to a total tourist-trap looking restaurant, which we were not going to eat at. Unfortunately it was owned by the same people who run the tourist-trap-looking place. It was the catch-tourists-who-try-to-be-smarter trap. 😖 A plate of 3 small tacos cost $15, a bottle of domestic beer that I could buy at restaurants in El Valle for $2-3 cost $8, and service sucked. But Tripadvisor is full of superlative reviews raving about "best service" and "delicious food". I guess places like that poll well with White Midwesterners who normally travel with tour groups.

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Panama Travelog #13
El Valle, Panama - Tue, 24 Dec 2024. 12:30pm.

After the one hike we were able to do this morning, at Chorro Macho falls, we came back through town to get lunch. I was still fuming about the two hikes we were not able to do but tried not to let my frustration drag me down too much. After all, there are still other worthy things to do here in Anton's Valley. We used lunchtime as downtime to review our plans and see what we could pull forward.

It helped that the sun starting poking out from behind the clouds. It was the first time in almost 24 hours we'd seen it! I'd been fretting, among other things, that we were doomed to have nothing but gloom and rain for our 9 days here in Panama.

"Let's hike La Dormida," I suggested.

"We could do that tomorrow, and get an early start. It might be too late today—" Hawk responded.

"Let's hike while sun is shining!" I interrupted.

Okay, so what is La Dormida? It's kind of a Romeo and Juliet story... if Romeo and Juliet also involved a mountain.

The Legend of La India Dormida

A legend from the time of the Spanish conquest in Panama tells of La Dormida, or The Sleeping (Native) Girl. Luba, a young woman, the younger daughter of the local chief, fell madly in love with one of the Spanish soldiers subjugating her people. But a young man, Yaravi, a brave warrior of her own people, was madly in love with her. Yaravi was so distraught over what he saw as Luba's betrayal (to himself and to their people) that he took his own life. When Luba learned of this she reconsidered her actions and was filled with regret. She renounced her love for the Spanish soldier and ran off into the woods. Exhausted, she lay on the ground, then died. The mountains took the form of her body.

Part of a sign explaining the legend of La India Dormida in El Valle, Panama (Dec 2024)

The legend is explained on a sign at the trailhead on the edge of town. Along with it are these two pictures. Above is a view of the mountain from (I think) down here in the valley. You can kind of see the supine human form in it: head to the right, neck in the middle, chest and abdomen to the left.

In case that's not obvious enough the sign also includes a pencil sketch illustrating the resemblance:

Part of a sign explaining the legend of La India Dormida in El Valle, Panama (Dec 2024)

So, what's the point of hiking La Dormida? It's not to have the joy of proclaiming, "I stood on her nose!" 🤣 It's to have a view of the valley from the top of the ridge, to see several waterfalls along the way, and to see some native rock art, too.

canyonwalker: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles. Travel! (planes trains and automobiles)
Blue Ridge Trip '24 #6
Lexington, VA - Sun, 1 Sep 2024. 10:30pm

My trips often take me to fairly anonymous looking hotels in office parks and small towns. For tonight and tomorrow night we're in a Hampton Inn... in a mansion built in 1827.

Hampton Inn, Lexington VA (Sep 2024)

This is the Col Alto house in Lexington, VA. It was built for a US Congressman.

Of course, we're not in the historic mansion part of the building. Yes, rooms were available there, but they're a) old-timey and b) $$$. We're around back in what feels like the servants' quarters, on the ground floor. Except it's not really the servants' quarters because... think about it... 1827 in Virginia, a slave state. The servants were enslaved people. They probably slept 6 to a room in a wooden shack. Yes, there's literally a wooden shack outside our room! A historic marker proclaims "nobody knows what it was used for." 🙄 Our ground floor room may only have a single window that opens barely 4 inches for fresh air, but we have all the modern conveniences.

canyonwalker: My old '98 M3 convertible (road trip!)
It's Friday night... and again it's Friday Night Halfway! Last Friday found us in Auburn, halfway to a hike in the Grouse Lakes Basin of Tahoe National Forest. Tonight we're in Jackson, halfway to a hike tomorrow along the Pacific Crest Trail above the Kit Carson Pass.

Jackson is a town in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It's a crossroads town, at the junction of highways 88 and 49. Route 88 is one of the passes over the Sierra Nevada. Route 49 is "the 49er trail" connecting a bunch of towns in the foothills that sprang up in the California Gold Rush that hit its peak in 1849 following the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill the year before. Sutter's Mill is/was about 35 miles north of here, in Coloma, though in the gold rush years gold was discovered nearby here, too. In fact there are at least a dozen historical gold mines within a few miles of Jackson. But those are not why we're here. For us it's just Friday Night Halfway.

Not Stuck in Lodi Again

The drive out to Jackson starts like a drive to Yosemite. We leave the Bay Area via Livermore on I-580 the hook the short I-205 east toward Manteca. Yes, Manteca, the Spanish word for lard; lard as in rendered pig fat. But instead of going all the way to Manteca as we would en route to Yosemite, we turn north on I-5 to Stockton and cross over to Route 99 north. On Route 99 we drive north a few miles to Lodi to exit onto Route 88, which angles northeast up into the Sierra foothills.

Lodi is always an amusing town to drive through. We can't so much as think about the town without also thinking about the classic hard-luck song named for it.

Just about a year ago
I set out on the road
Seekin' my fame and fortune
Lookin' for a pot of gold
Thing got bad and things got worse
I guess you know the tune
Oh Lord, stuck in Lodi again

-- Creedence Clearwater Revival, "Lodi"

Thankfully we're not stuck in Lodi tonight, or even hanging our hats there. I mean, we could have chosen a hotel there. We actually did, once, ten years ago. Going back would have to be just for the LOLz, though, as Lodi is about as dreary in real life as it's made out to be in song. ...Not that Jackson is worlds apart. It's a hardscrabble town whose best days were upwards of 150 years ago. Stately Victorian buildings built as banks with Gold Rush money are today biker bars popular with 50+ year old rebels in MAGA hats. But at least Jackson's 30 minutes closer to where we're going hiking tomorrow.

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
On Sunday this weekend we started off taking it easy. We were pretty wrecked— but in a good way— from our epic hike at Zim Zim Falls a day earlier. We spent the morning taking it easy, went out for lunch and to run a bunch of shopping errands, then came back home before deciding what to do next. "Spend the afternoon laying around the pool" was seriously entertained as an idea... but then we agreed getting out for a short hike in the area would be better. We could always come back to the pool afterward. 😂

"Where to go hiking?" was the next challenge. For that I suggested Alviso Marina County Park. It's nearby... almost deceptively so, because going to Alviso is almost like going to another planet.

Alviso is a scruffy town in the shadow of Silicon Valley (May 2024)

First, Alviso is like the land that time and Silicon Valley forgot. It's an old time-y, down-on-its-luck little burg in the shadow of Silicon Valley. It was a bustling local port some 120 years ago. In the mid 20th century it was a heavy manufacturing town. Now all that remains of those industries are the empty shells of buildings that haven't actually been torn down. Ah, but there's something different I noticed compared to our previous visit here, in August 2023. There's no longer a wrecked ship in that grassy field in the scene above. It had only been there for, like, fifty years. For 50 years nobody cared to take it away, and nobody cared that nobody cared.

Alviso is also like a gateway to another world in its gateway to the great outdoors.

Alviso Marina County Park offers a gateway seemingly to another world (May 2024)

Go through these gates and it's not just rushes at the foot of the San Francisco Bay you're walking into. The South Bay is full of salt ponds.

What's so special about salt ponds?

Salt ponds at Alviso Marina County Park (May 2024)

This. This is what's special about salt ponds. It's like the surface of Mars, but it's water.

Salt ponds at Alviso Marina County Park (May 2024)

With a beach made entirely of salt.

Salt ponds at Alviso Marina County Park (May 2024)

Salt ponds here are a naturally occurring phenomenon. The Ohlone people native to this area harvest salt for centuries. When Americans settled here in the1800s they commercialized salt production. There's still parts of the South Bay shorelines that are used for the salt business, though this area was sold back to the public for restoration as a natural habitat. So this orange water and salt beach (and the salt islands in the photo above) are natural.

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
New Zealand Travelog #31
Rotorua, NZ - Wed, 17 Apr 2024, 6pm

Today was another busy day, combining getting from point A to point B with several hiking treks. A and B were respectively, leaving the small motor lodge with natural hot spring pools and checking in to a nice hotel in Rotorua with views over Lake Rotorua.


In between those and with a route of 180km— which, at this point, is one of our easier days of driving— we did several things:


  • We hiked at Huka Falls, a park in the town of Taupo where the Waikato River draining Lake Taupo plunges over a small drop. What's impressive here isn't the height of the waterfall but the enormous amount of water pouring through it. The flow averages 200,000 liters per second.

  • We also drove through Taupo, a resort town on the lake. It was very... resort-y. I looked at staying there when I was planning bookings for this trip, but the cheapest hotels were 2x what we spent on the old time-y, middle-of-nowhere one with hot springs.

  • We visited Okere Falls, near the town of the same name. This park is home to not one but several waterfalls. We hiked a walking track that visited two of them then drove a short distance to a short hike for a third.

  • Te Puia, on the edge of Rotorua, is both a geothermal park and a Maori cultural center. We walked around for a few hours, first with a guided tour group, then on our own, seeing the geothermal features and learning about Maori culture and history. We managed to time a viewing of the park's biggest geysers erupting as a pair late in the afternoon— and with literally nobody else around at the time!

  • In terms of learning about Maori culture, we confirmed a wild notion we'd had since last week, "Hey, these Maori place-names read kind of like Hawaiian place names... they're both Polynesian; are they from the same people?" Yes! The Maori who settled in New Zealand, which they named Aotearoa in the 12th and 13th centuries CE, were seafaring people who explored from Taiwan to the Easter Islands to Hawaii to as far as South America before arriving here.


As with yesterday's busy day, I will followup with additional blog entries later to expand on these activities and share photos.

canyonwalker: Sullivan, a male golden eagle at UC Davis Raptor Center (Golden Eagle)
Today's St. Patrick's Day, a day when thoughts in the US— in the modern US— turn to supposedly very Irish things such as drinking whiskey and green beer and eating corned beef. Although I have Irish-American forebears and grew up celebrating St. Patrick's Day every year wearing green and visiting my (Irish-American) grandmother's house for a meal of corned beef and cabbage and potatoes, I'm not into that form of celebration anymore. I'm too pissed at how crass commercialism has reduced it all to stereotypes about drinking. Instead I've used St. Patrick's Day the past few years as a chance to take a moment and reflect on the experiences of Irish immigrants and their descendants in the US and what lessons we can learn from them.

The lesson I'm thinking about this year is immigration. Most of us in the US, not just those who trace ancestry back to Ireland, are descended from immigrants. But the Irish were one of the early groups that encountered a lot of politicized hatred. When waves of Irish started arriving in the 1840s and 1850s as refugees from the Great Potato Famine, politicians decried their lazy, uneducated, unclean ways, warning that they'd turn cities such as New York and Boston (where they arrived by ship) into cesspools of human sloth and waste. The language and sentiment behind it were eerily similar to what we hear from certain politicians in 2024.

But the Irish didn't destroy New York and Boston. Or Philadelphia. (Many Irish settled in eastern Pennsylvania, too.) Far from it. They went to work. They worked because they came here seeking better lives, via the opportunity to work. They worked hard jobs for low pay that other people didn't want to work. And the influx of their labor helped the US grow.

Many Americans— with no awareness of how they themselves were immigrants or had immigrant parents or grandparents— didn't even like the fact that Irish immigrants wanted to work. Up through the middle of the 20th century signs like "Irish need not apply" on businesses that were hiring were common sights.

The modern analogue to overt job discrimination against immigrants would seem to be immigration policy. Today immigrants who are granted temporary residency aren't allowed to work. Long ago, there weren't such policies. When Irish people started immigrating in large numbers there weren't even controls on immigration. They bought a ticket to New York, walked down the ramp into port, and began their new lives in the US. Ellis Island as an immigration station only opened in 1892. And while the first legislation that limited immigration from any country was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, it wasn't until the Immigration Act of 1924 that broad, per-country quotas on immigration (except northern European countries!) were enacted.

So, on this St. Patrick's Day, there are 3 lessons I wish everyone who celebrates Irish-American culture would recognize:

1) The hateful language against immigrants, including your forebears, has been the same for hundreds of years.

2) The claims the haters make about immigrants, including your forebears, harming this country have proven false generation after generation.

3) Immigration doesn't ruin the US, it makes it stronger.


canyonwalker: wiseguy (Default)
There's an interesting way to put time into perspective, and especially what events you consider recent or not-so-recent. It's to compare when two things happened versus today. One basic pattern is, "Event (X) occurred closer to Event (Y) than today."

Take WWII as an example of a huge historical milestone. WWII ended in 1945, so a thing that happened in 1984 is closer to then than it is to today (2024). Thus you could say— accurately!— "The Apple Macintosh launched closer to WWII than to today!"

Also, the movie Ghostbusters (1984) came out closer to WWII than to today.

As someone who remembers seeing Ghostbusters in its first theatrical release I'm like... *gulp*.

You can also flip around the order. WWII ended (almost) 69 years ago, and 69 years from now is... 2103. So, the 22nd century is closer to today than WWII is.
canyonwalker: Malign spirits in TV attempt to kill viewer (tv)
Hawk and I have been slowly watching through episodes of the streaming TV series Timeless that originally aired in 2016-2018. We're not bingeing it; we're watching a couple of episodes a week. Though mostly that's because I've been so busy with work the past several weeks that when I wind down in the evenings I want to do something higher value than watch TV or feel I need to catch up on something else. We've actually watched the first six episodes at this point though my blog, as always is lagging behind— one of those things I'm perpetually trying to catch up on. Here are some thoughts about episode 2, "The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln".

Timeless, a TV show that aired in 2016-2018

The show is settling into a groove of the "Mission of the week" format. In this format each episode tells, and completes, an individual story. It's not completely episodic, though, like comedies that follow the similar "Funny thing that happens this week" format. There are clear, long running story arcs here about the main characters gradually puzzling out what their opponent is up to, gradually learning what their own sponsors are up to, and revealing bits about themselves.

In "The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln" the story-within-a-story, the mission of the week, has the characters time-porting back to April 14, 1865, the day when President Abraham Lincoln was murdered. Anyone who's taken an American history class knows the one-line summary: President Lincoln was shot while attending a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., by John Wilkes Booth, a marginal actor angry over the Confederacy's loss in the Civil War. The episode's plot is a cat-and-mouse game where the protagonists are trying to figure out what the villain is trying to change about history. ...And, to a lesser extent, though this one of the long story arcs, why.

Early in the episode I figured the story is about the villain trying to do one of three things:

  1. Actually stop the assassination from happening, a surprise move that contradicts the heroes' assumptions and what the show has telegraphed so far, but would be an interesting twist revealing a far more complex set of goals on the part of the villain;

  2. Ensure the assassination happens as we know it, for there's a role-reversal in which the heroes or some third party are actually wrecking history and the "villain" is trying to preserve it; or

  3. Broaden the assassination by helping Booth and his murky conspirators kill other key government leaders, triggering a major governmental crisis and something akin to a coup.

Pretty much right off I discarded ideas 1 and 2 as too clever. The writers of this show are telegraphing so clearly it's like they're speaking to the camera. I don't expect big twists from them after they've already drawn so many straight lines.

Episode spoiler. Tap to read... )

It's interesting how this show handles the Time Travel Paradox— how it resolves what happens to characters from/in the present day when the past is changed. I'll write more about this in a separate blog.

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