canyonwalker: My old '98 M3 convertible (road trip!)
Today we drove 200 miles round trip, out to the town of Dixon, California, for... Lambtown! It's a weekend fair of all things... sheep.

Lambtown sheep fair in Dixon, California (Oct 2025)

Up front there were vendors pavilions full of yarn spinners selling yarn, spinners, and knitting tools. Out back, where we spent most of our time, were county fair type demonstrations of sheep dogs and sheep shearing.

The sheep dog demonstrations were put on by an organization called Redwood Empire Sheep Dog Association. As one of the speakers described it, RESDA was founded when a few sheep herders were sitting around on a slow day and one said to the other, "My dog's better than your dog."

And the second sheep herder fired back, "Oh, yeah? Prove it."

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Canada travelog #25
Niagara Falls, ON · Wed, 27 Aug 2025. 3pm.

For our visit to Niagara Falls today we planned three activities. One, we'd do a boat tour into the mist of the falls. Two, we'd do the "Journey Behind the Falls" tour. Three, aside from the first two which required tickets, we'd do general sightseeing. for free. Well, we arrived early and did some of #3 right off the bat. Then we boarded and earlier sailing for the boat tour and completed #1. That left us with just our later-in-the-afternoon tickets for #3. It was getting to around noon so we decided to grab some lunch first.

One of the things I remember from visiting Niagara Falls as a child years ago— really, decades ago— is the debate between, "Which side is better, the US or Canadian side?"

As a child, my parents warned me that the US side would be full of honky-tonk while the Canadian side would be beautiful parks. My actual experience as a child turned out to be the complete opposite. On the US side we saw nothing but parks right up near the falls. When we crossed the Friendship Bridge to the Canadian side, it was nothing but an endless carnival midway of rigged games and overpriced kitschy crap.

So far today I've figured out that my parents were half right— there are parks on the Canadian side. Beautiful parks all along the edge of the canyon. Except right at the foot of the bridge, which is a tourist shit show that stretches several blocks. Well, that's where we went for lunch today. 😂 That's how I know it's still there. We walked around enough to find a relatively not-tourist-trap restaurant and then walked back down the hill to where the parks are.

Then we walked toward the Horseshoe Falls to Table Rock. That's where the Journey Behind the Falls tour is. We swapped our later-in-the-day tickets for a tour departing earlier and waited in line. Here's a video of the highlights from the Journey Behind the Falls:



Overall this tour was interesting but not really worth it. When we were actually behind the falls, peering through two large "windows" in the underground tunnels, the water was pounding so hard we could barely anything. And the lines to get to the front were ridiculously long. The view from the outdoors platform near the bottom of the falls was nice, but given that we'd already done the Maid of the Mist boat tour it didn't really add anything.


canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Canada travelog #24
Niagara Falls, ON · Wed, 27 Aug 2025. 11:30am.

I mentioned in my previous blog about Niagara Falls that one of my fondest memories from visiting when I was a kid was riding the Maid of the Mist boat tour down in the canyon. When Hawk and I visited her long-lost relatives in Toronto earlier in the week, and we told them about our plans to visit waterfalls in Ontario, they all told us we shouldn't miss the Maid of the Mist tour.

Funny little detail: the Maid of the Mist is a tour that operates from the US side of the border. There's an almost identical tour that operates from the Canadian side, where we are this week. It just doesn't have the catchy name "Maid of the Mist". It actually has a pretty stupid name, like "Niagara City Cruise", or something like that. I mean, WTF? It's not a city cruise. There's no city down here in the canyon. Just enormous waterfalls to look up at!

Well, either way, it was at the top of our list. We booked tickets a few nights ago for the cruise today.

Embarking on a quick cruise at Niagara Falls (Aug 2025)

One thing I remember about the Maid of the Mist cruise decades ago is that the tour operator gave us heavy-duty rain slickers, the kind you see ocean going fishermen wearing in old-timey pictures. Well, those expensive slickers are no more. Now they give passengers cheap but colorful trash bags. And no, it's not any better on the US side than here in Canada. The Americans just have blue trash bags.

As the boat neared the first falls and started to pick up a lot of spray I realized that my fancy camera wasn't going to do well. I packed it away under my trash bag poncho and relied on my iPhone for the rest of the trip. The good news is that means it was easy to record video of the falls.



Here's a 3 minute montage of the highlights of the cruise. We first go past the American side of the falls, then into the Horseshoe Falls which are split by the international border, then back past the American Falls as we return to dock.

As cheap as the trash bags were compared to the old-timey rain slickers of years ago, they got the job done. They kept our torsos dry as we got pounded with lots of spray for a few minutes. Our legs and feet took a good drenching, but that was okay as we wore quick-drying hiking clothes knowing we'd get sprayed by the mist, and it was warm out in the middle of the day anyway.

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Canada travelog #23
Niagara Falls, ON · Wed, 27 Aug 2025. 10:45am.

Today we're visiting Niagara Falls in Canada. Both Hawk and I have been to Niagara Falls before, but it was a) on the US side and b) when we were kids. She visited with her family when she was 18. I visited with mine when I was... 10, I think. It was a long time ago!

We've blocked the whole day to spend visiting the falls. We even got up early and had a quick breakfast in the room so we could get out faster. Was that necessary? Strictly speaking, no. We got here with plenty of time to spare. But it's beautiful here so, yes, it's time well spent.

After a bit of circling to find parking once we got to the falls we found a primo spot in the park less than a block from the edge of the cliff. Better yet, the spot was just $24 for all day. Converting that from CAD to "real" money 🤣 it's just under $17.50.

Niagara Falls US side, viewed from Canada (Aug 2025)

The best part about where we parked was it was just steps to the edge of the canyon and all the views. The photo above shows the American side of Niagara Falls. The boat in the water is the Maid of the Mist, a ferry that carries passengers past both the American Falls and the Horseshoe Falls (next photo).

Horseshoe Falls part of Niagara Falls, seen from Table Rock, Ontario (Aug 2025)

The Horseshoe Falls are right here next to us, too, on the Canadian side. Having been to Niagara from both sides (US and Canada) now I can say that the Canadian side is way better. It's not a cultural thing; it's that the views are way better! It just so much easier to see everything from here. And the fact that there's basically a city park that stretches 1 km along the top of the cliff makes it so easy to appreciate the natural beauty.

Here's a short video of what you can see from a single vantage point in Niagara Falls, Canada:



The ferry you see in the mist of the Horseshoe Falls is not the Maid of the Mist, it's the Niagara City Cruise. What's the difference? Maid of the Mist departs from a dock on the US side, Niagara City operates from the Canadian side. How can you tell which is which? The colors! The US ferry operator gives everyone blue ponchos, the Canada ferry kits them out in red.

Horseshoe Falls part of Niagara Falls, seen from Table Rock, Ontario (Aug 2025)

I remember fondly riding Maid of the Mist when I was 10. For me it was the high point of our family trip to Niagara Falls. And now Hawk and I are going to do it again, together. We've got tickets for later today, but since we're here early we'll see if we can join and earlier boarding and have more time later in the day for more sightseeing.

canyonwalker: WTF? (wtf?)
Canada travelog #4
Toronto, ON · Sat, 23 Aug 2025. 4pm.

This afternoon we met the first of Hawk's long-lost relatives in Canada to visit an art gallery. It turns out they were never "long lost" in the sense of having been stranded on a deserted island. It's more like her great-grandfather, when he emigrated from Latvia to the United States in the late 1800s or early 1900s, lost contact with his entire family. He told his descendants, when they asked about their relatives in the Old World, "They're all dead." 😳💀🤦 It's not clear why he told his children and grandchildren this. They believed him, though, as between the Russians and the Nazis it was totally plausible all their relatives in Latvia had been murdered by 1945.

Anyway, the art gallery. I thought touring a local art gallery together was a weird way to say, "Hey, our family has been split for 4 generations, let's get back together," but I decided I would try not to challenge things too much. Modern art has a way of inviting challenge, though. And by the time I was even near the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO) I found it impossible to bite my acerbic tongue.

"We're next to the sculpture of an elephant," my inlaws texted me.

Officially this sculpture is called "Two Forms" by Henry Moore in Grange Park, Toronto (Aug 2025)

"This looks like a modern-art elephant," I texted back, including a picture of the above.

That sculpture, BTW, is titled "Large Two Forms". It's in Toronto's Grange Park next to the AGO.

My inlaws sent their address by naming the streets there were standing at the corner of instead of just saying "The elephant." When we met up I saw this elephant:

Sculpture of an elephant designed to look like it's made from... yes, leather chairs. Art Gallery of Ontario. (Aug 2025)

"So, somebody saw a pile of discarded leather chairs and cushions at a junkyard and thought, 'These look like an elephant!''" I asked.

Yes, they look like an elephant, my inlaws assured me.

"My elephant looks better," I challenged them. "Plus, I reject your orthodoxy that all elephants have four legs that reach from the ground all the way up to their bodies."

Modern art. 🧐🤪🤣

While Hawk's parents couldn't bring themselves to see things my way, her brother appreciated my view.

"Artists are, by-and-large, people with untreated mental illness or deep personality flaws who find wealthy patrons to fund their ideas... but not psychiatric help," I quipped.

"Shh!" Marty scolded. "You're saying the quiet part out loud!"

Marty then invited me to join him in analyzing a fire hose in one of the gallery rooms as if it were art.

"The loops of hose hung together show order in the face of chaos," I mused. "Though the negative space above the hoses is unbalanced by a tight border with the frame on the other three sides. The technique here is weak."

Do you think I'm being too hard on modern art? Well, consider this centerpiece in the room as we rounded the corner from the fire hose:

I think this artist went camping and was equally inspired by a picnic table and a wild elk and so sculpted both together. Art Gallery of Ontario. (Aug 2025)

"It's as if the artist went camping and was equally inspired by both a picnic table and an elk, and decided to sculpt a combination of the two!" I said breathlessly.

"Either that, or this is a prop from a rejected scene in the 1982 movie The Thing."

Do you think those snarky ideas are too outlandish? Try this real explanation (paraphrased) from a placard in the room:

The piece is entitled Can't We All Just Get Along and evokes the pervasive racism in the United States exposed in the 1982 Rodney King riot in Los Angeles.


Now, tell me. If those three explanations, my two plus the one about Rodney King, were offered up in TV game show where a contestant is told 3 stories about an item, two of which are lies and only one of which is the truth, how likely would you pick Option C as the truth?

Also, maybe Canadian artists concerned about racism could confront their own country's racist history instead of banging their pots about the US. Our current toddler-president and his supporters notwithstanding, there are plenty in the US who understand and criticize the shameful parts of our history. It's a level of honest introspection I have seen in literally no other country I've visited.


canyonwalker: wiseguy (Default)
Chicago Trip Log #10
Almost a week later

A few days ago I posted some pics from Chicago. Those were only about half the photos I wanted to share. I'm posting the rest here. Yes, these are from a trip that's now almost a week ago. "Almost a week later" isn't bad.... I've still got a few picture blogs in my backlog from visiting the Oregon Cascades a month and a half ago! Plus some even older stuff in the backlog that I'm ashamed to mention how old it is.

The Aqua Building in Chicago (Aug 2025)

This is the Aqua Tower just north of Millennium Park in Chicago. I stayed at the Radisson Blu hotel, which is on floors 1-18. I had a really nice corner room on the 10th floor. As you can see from the photo, though, the building has a lot more than 18 floors. Floors 19 to, I think, 80 are a condo. Yes, it's a tall building— that's why it's ridiculous that every Uber/Lyft driver my friends and I called had trouble finding it.

Wednesday evening most of the sales team left, and my sales engineering team went out for dinner. My boss chose a restaurant within easy walking distance. And the weather Wednesday was beautiful! Especially around 5:30pm, once it had cooled down a tad. As we started walking a few of my colleagues shouted, "Hey, there's the Bean!"

'The Bean' at Millennium Park in Chicago (Aug 2025)

They're talking about a metal sculpture known as The Bean in Millennium Park. We detoured slightly to take photos in front of it.

Posing at 'The Bean' in Chicago's Millennium Park (Aug 2025)

Here's a selfie I snapped with the buildings along Michigan Avenue reflected in the metalwork.

Downtown Chicago near Millennium Park (Aug 2025)

After dinner the Chicago weather was still beautiful, just less sunny. 🤣 We might've gone out carousing, but I think all of my colleagues were as tired as I was. We walked back to the hotel where most of us gathered for a nightcap at the bar in the lobby, then went up to our rooms. I was back in my room by 10pm. It had been a couple of long days already— with one more to go!

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
North Coast Roadtrip travelog #8
Shelter Cove · Sun, 27 Jul 2025, 11:30am

Sunday morning after visiting the Black Sand Beach(es) just north of where we stayed for the night on the Lost Coast we drove back past the inn to the small marina on the south end of town at Shelter Cove.

The Cape Mendocino Lighthouse, now moved to Shelter Cove (Jul 2025)

The first thing you notice at Shelter Cove, after driving past an airstrip— I guess flying is an easier way to get here than driving the steep mountain roads— and a shockingly packed "campground" that is just a parking lot full of RVs and trailers parked next to each other, is a lighthouse. And it's a short light house. Like, the lamp in it (which has been removed) wouldn't have been much higher than about 22' (6.5 meters) above the ground. Why not a tall lighthouse like the classic ones seen all over the Atlantic coast and even around the Great Lakes?

The answer is explained in a historical marker outside the lighthouse. This lighthouse wasn't originally located here, on this flat field atop a low cliff. It was originally built for Cape Mendocino 30 miles north, where it sat atop a cliff 400' above the ocean. It didn't need to be tall since it was already high. Its light could be seen 28 miles out at sea.

The lighthouse went into operation at Cape Mendocino in 1868. It served for over 100 years before the Coast Guard decommissioned it due to its clifftop perch become unstable and becoming too expensive to maintain. The lighthouse was moved here and restored in the 1990s by a nonprofit group.

Visiting the tide pools at Shelter Cove on the Lost Coast (Jul 2025)

While we were at the cove we also climbed down the stairs to beach to see the cove. There are rocky shallows here where the innkeeper this morning boasted that, if our timing was right, we'd see all five kinds of starfish in the tide pools. Five kinds of starfish? WTF, they come in 4-, 6-, 8- and 10-armed varieties in addition to the standard 5 shape? 😂

Well, it was a bad day for starfish as we saw exactly zero of them in the tide pools. These were frankly very lame tide pools, just stinky water and weeds. It's nothing like the tide pools at Cabrillo National Monument in San Diego. And the grim weather here is nothing like that beautiful sunny day in February we enjoyed in San Diego.

Of course, it is a sunny day here. It's sunny above the fog layer. As one of my high school guidance counselors years ago loved to say on rainy/cloudy days, The sun is shining, you just can't see it! 😎

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Oregon Cascades Travelog #12.5
McKenzie Pass, OR - Wed, 2 Jul 2025, 7:30pm

When we first neared the summit and entered a lava field at the edge of the McKenzie pass we thought, "Enh, we've seen lava fields before." But then it kept going. And going. And going. We realized it was a big thing. I started making video as we drove through. But then Hawk pointed out, "Stop! We just drove past an observatory made of lava! Go back."

Wright Observatory in the McKenzie Pass, Oregon (Jul 2025)

And holy shit, up here at 5,325' (which isn't that high in California but seems like the roof of the world here in Oregon), there's a observatory made of lava rocks. Not just the floor is lava, but the walls and ceiling, too!

We were tired as hell, and hungry, and sore. We were counting the minutes until we got back home. But suddenly all those feelings went away. We had to explore this observatory made of lava!

View of (two of) the Three Sisters from Wright Observatory in the McKenzie Pass (Jul 2025)

It was a slow slog up those winding, uneven lava-rock steps to the top. A fierce wind blew away whatever warmth clung to our bodies. But the views as we circle around were amazing. Above is a view of The Sisters. It's actually the Three Sisters, but South Sister was feeling shy this evening and hid behind Middle Sister (on the right).

Looking west across the lava field of the McKenzie Pass, elev. 5,325' (Jul 2025)

The observatory has chutes in its walls labeled with what mountain you can see looking through each slot. There are too many volcanic peaks visible to include them all. I'm sharing this non-peak picture, above, to show the view looking west, where we're headed next. We've already driven a few miles across this lava field, and there's about a mile more to go. When I looked north toward Mt. Washington, the lava field seemed to extend miles in that direction. It's amazing there's a road through here.... And according to plaques in the observatory, this is the route of the original road built across this part of the Cascades!

canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Oregon Cascades Travelog #13
Bend, OR - Wed, 2 Jul 2025, 9:30pm

Our Day 2 of this Oregon Cascades vacation has been a very full and fulfilling one. Yesterday was only a part day of vacation because it was also a work day (for me). But today we spent the whole day on leisure, leaving our hotel around 9am and not returning until after 9pm. In the middle we did 3 hikes, visited 6 waterfalls— or maybe more; I lost count— and drove 187 miles.


We left our room at the Days Inn in Bend around 9am. Yeah, we slept in a bit today. I swatted the snooze button until almost 7:30 then took my time getting ready after that. A curious thing is that when we were loading our car just before 9 we saw what late risers we were. The hotel parking lot, which was full last night, was now 75% empty, and half the remaining cars had doors and trunks open with people buzzing around them, loading bikes, coolers, etc. I'll add that to my notes about the Days Inn brand: this one, at least, is popular with the outdoors activity demographic. Unlike, say, the tweaker and drug dealer demographic.

Our first hike of the day was Tumalo Falls, not far outside of Bend to the west. I'll save my notes about the trek and pics of the waterfall for when I write a full blog about it. For now it's added to my backlog so I don't fall further behind in writing about this trip. Long story short, though, Tumalo was amazing. The main falls was almost 100' tall, and there were additional waterfalls higher up on the trail.

After hiking Tumalo it was lunchtime. Being not far from Bend was a plus because we could drive back into town to eat some real food instead of protein bars and water from our trail rations. We found a frou-frou burger place on the west side of town. Hawk got a custom burger made to her specifications with avocado, while I enjoyed a lamb burger with feta cheese and tzatziki sauce.

Fueled up for the next several hours we headed northwest on US 20 over the Santiam pass. Our destination was Downing Creek Falls. The trail description I found on a blog written by a local gal said it was hard to find. She did not lie. We overshot the unmarked dirt road twice. Then, once on it, it was a narrow two-track with no signs of where to go. Between her blog and notes on AllTrails.com we found the right place and enjoyed a stunning falls all to ourselves.

After Downing Creek we headed south back toward the pass and then down into the canyon of the headwaters of the McKenzie River. We then turn back east and headed back uphill toward the McKenzie Pass. Along the way we stopped to hike Proxy Falls. Proxy Falls has both an upper and lower falls on a loop trail. The lower falls is the bigger of the two but is hard to see from the trail. We made up for that by scrambling down a hill, off trail, then walking on logs across a creek, then wet-footing it out into the creek at the bottom of the falls to gaze up at it. Wow. I hope the photos I'll share soon turn out as amazing as the falls did in person.

As we finished hiking at Proxy Falls it was already getting late— almost 6:30pm. We thought we'd just drive up over the McKenzie Pass and down to Bend for dinner. Or maybe stop 20 minutes early in the small town of Sisters. But when we got to the top of the pass the views forced us to stop. Atop the pass, the winding little state highway traverses a lava field. There's nothing but lava rock visible in any direction— except for the tall volcanic peaks in the distance on all sides! And, at the top of the pass, there's an observatory... that's made out of volcanic rock. We couldn't resist stopping and seeing that in the golden light of the setting sun.

Somehow the stark beauty of the McKenzie Pass sated our appetites just long enough to drive back down into Bend. We picked out a Mexican restaurant for dinner and enjoyed plates of enchiladas there. Afterward we ran a few errands: buying groceries for the next day and filling the car with gas. We're back late this evening, but we're planning to get out early tomorrow for a big hike.
canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
I haven't even caught up with my backlog of blogs from our trip to Italy last week (they're held up on my time to deal with touching up photos) but already I'm ready with a retrospective. Here are Five Things:

  1. Despite a few frustrations around the edges of the trip and a few things that went wrong with the parts my company planned, I very much appreciate being named to Club and getting to go on this trip. There were times I grumbled (privately), Maybe I should skip this trip and plan my own. Well, that would've been expensive. Just the flights alone would've cost us $5,000. The three hotel nights that were included plus the food and misc. expenses were worth another $2,500.

  2. The highlight of the trip was our 2½ days in Rome. This was a side-trip we planned— and mostly paid for— on our own. (The Company let us book a stopover on the flights they paid for.) We hired private tours for the Colosseum, ruins of Caesar's palace, the Roman Forum, and Vatican City (the part that's still in my backlog), and augmented that with trekking to the Spanish Steps, the Trevi Fountain, and the Pantheon (also in backlog) on our own.

  3. Hiring private tour guides was expensive, eye-wateringly expensive in the case of the Vatican tour, which cost us over $1,200, but there's real value in it. With guides we saved the time of having to do lots of research and planning ourselves, we avoided waiting in lines and wandering around trying to figure out where to go, and we had someone who helped us ensure we saw the best things we could. Yeah, we could have cut the costs maybe in half by booking group tours instead, but we've had mixed experiences with even smaller, 12 person sized group tours. When time's limited, when it might be years, if ever, before you go back to that place again, go big.

  4. Our "beach" resort stay, the part paid for by the company, reminded me that when you're at the beach there's an enormous different in really being at the beach. If you can't just walk out the door of the building, across a pool area, and be on the sand, you might as well stay a few miles away and drive to the beach. At the resort in Chia, Sardinia, it literally was a drive; the beach was 4km away from the resort hotel! As a consequence we went to the beach just once. We could have had more fun going back to our favorite splashy pool resort in Phoenix instead.

  5. As much fun as visiting Italy/Rome was, and as little a fraction of the whole as we saw, we're kind of done with it. We're definitely not feeling, "Ooh, let's plan another trip to Rome!" Partly that's because we saw the highlights we cared about; partly it's because there's so much else in the world we want to see, too! I could see returning to Italy specifically for Pompeii, to see the ruins; Venice, for its unique canals; and maybe Florence, for its Renaissance architecture. But I don't think I'd want to spend more than a few days in each.

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #19
Santadi, Sardinia - Wednesday, 28 May 2025, 1pm

Our organized activity at Club today was a cave tour at the Is Zuddas Grotto in Sardinia. We could have opted for ruins and wine touring, mountain biking, or horseback riding instead but chose this because it was the most up our alley. As a serendipity we learned a lot about Sardinian history from our tour guide on the van ride over here, even though at the cave she handed us over to a cave specialist.

Entering the Is Zuddas cave in Sardinia (May 2025)

As we started into the cave I wondered if I'd chosen the wrong activity. I mean, limestone caves are basically all the same. And we've seen a lot of them. Maybe we should have done the ruins and wine tasting tour instead... though Hawk doesn't/can't drink, so that's why.

Medusa formation in the Is Zuddas cave in Sardinia (May 2025)

One interesting formation we saw is "Medusa". ...Okay, maybe that's more interesting linguistically than geologically because "medusa" is the name in Romance languages for jellyfish. It's like only we stupid anglophones have a different name for jellyfish that doesn't evoke the Greek myth of Medusa. And this formation does look more like a jellyfish than a demonic woman with snakes on her head.

This block of stalactites fell in the Is Zuddas cave in Sardinia (May 2025)

Anyone who's visited a bunch of limestone caverns probably looks at the photo above and puzzles for a moment, "Wait, what's going on here?" That's because stalactites and stalagmites are virtually always oriented vertically, their shapes driven by gravity. Well, what happened here is that a block of stalactites fell from the ceiling. They're at an angle because that's how the block landed when it fell to the floor of the cave. And note it fell, like, millions of years ago, because of the size of stalagmites growing atop it.

Helictites are eccentric stalactites - Is Zuddas cave in Sardinia (May 2025)

Above I noted that stalactites and stalagmites virtually always form vertically. There's a category of stalactites that don't. They're called helictites, and they can grow in crazy shapes, thin tendrils extending sideways, curving around, forming curls and "S" bends, and even forking.

"What does Science know about why helictites form in such eccentric shapes?" I politely asked the guide, who'd been getting a bit frustrated about the parallel lesson in limestone formations I'd been whispering to a colleague who'd never been in a cave before.

Strangely I'd never though to ask this before. I mean, other cave guides have pointed out helictites, so I've known what they are, by definition, but not the science behind them. To his great credit, this guide had an education answer.

First, there are multiple theories, the guide explained. That's classic science right there. Science includes uncertainty, and true scientists acknowledge when/where it exists— an unfortunate fact that is frequently exploited by demagogues nowadays to dismiss science as wild theories that are merely personal opinion, all equally valid.

The leading theory, which our guide holds, is that helictites develop in eccentric formations because their rate of water flow is so slow that water evaporates quickly. Remember, all these cave formations are driven by the action of water responding to gravity. Rain water seeping through small cracks in the rocks above dissolves limestone. It flows downward along existing formations and forms droplets at the bottom. Rock re-crystalizes from these droplets. But with helictites it's thought that the water flow is so minimal that the water doesn't even form a droplet; it evaporates before it gets to that stage. Thus limestone deposits may form on the side of an existing limestone structure, or— via capillary action— at its upper tip.


canyonwalker: Hangin' in a hammock (life's a beach)
Italy Travelog #18
Chia, Sardinia - Wednesday, 28 May 2025, 10am

We've been in Sardinia for almost a day at this point. We've been taking it easy for the most part. Yesterday we had lunch with colleagues after arrival, then I crashed in our room for a few hours before the reception dinner. This morning we enjoyed a leisurely breakfast at the hotel then got ready for the day's outing— a cave tour. While we're en route to the cave I'm jotting down a few notes about Sardinia thus far.

Random view of the Sardinian coast (May 2025)

The first is that it's beautiful here, and rural. Sardinia has a population of about 1.6 million. That may seem like a lot; it'd be a fair sized city, if it were a city. But Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean. A size comparison shows it's about the size of Vermont. ...Well, Vermont has 6500,000 people, so Sardinia is less rural than Vermont. Perhaps a better comparison would be to Sicily, the largest Mediterranean island, which is only slightly larger than Sardinia and has 3x the population.

Part of what makes Sardinia feel so rural is that the coast is very wilderness-y. There are no towns along the rugged coastline, no multi-million-dollar mansions, no high-rise resort hotels. I've heard accounts from two people now, including a local archaeology Ph.D., that the "no towns" thing is because of the historic threats of invasion and piracy. Occupants of the island from hundreds of years ago to thousands of years ago built villages inland so they wouldn't be so exposed to marauders; whether the Romans, the Carthaginians, the Phoenicians, the Moors, or the Spanish.

Speaking of the Spanish, it's actually the Catalans who've had a strong influence here. Our tour guide (the aforementioned archaeology Ph.D.) mentioned that with a broad smile because two of our companions on our little group trek are Catalan, from Barcelona. For hundreds of years during the Middle Ages Catalans ruled the island. There are still communities of Catalans on the island today, though they are in the north and we're traveling around the far south.

One other thing that strikes me as we're driving around these remote parts of the coast in Sardinia is that it looks and feels a lot like California. Except for the road signs being in Italian I could almost swear I'm on the central coast. It's the rugged coast, the mountains near the water, and the types of trees and shrubs all around us. Climate-wise, it's a similar climate.
canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #10
Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 5pm

This afternoon after we finished sightseeing in and around the Roman Forum we walked to the Jewish ghetto. Rome's Jewish population is small; it's estimated at 28,000 across all of Italy. But it's there. There's a historic temple there, a museum/memorial to those murdered by Nazis in WWII and, around the corner, a row of restaurants. Both Jewish and Italian culture are all about "Eat, eat!" 😅

Late lunch in Rome's Jewish ghetto (May 2025)

A friend recommended a particular restaurant she'd been to years ago. I think it was featured on Guy Fieri's show. (They've got his picture on their website). Unfortunately it was closing as we arrived. No problem; there are literally six other restaurants on the same block, plus many on other streets. We cruised past several of them reading the menus and settled down at one that had a good combination of fresh pasta and meat dishes.

Late lunch in Rome's Jewish ghetto (May 2025)

We shared an appetizer of hummus and pita. For mains Hawk had a bowl of spaghetti pomodori while I enjoyed pasta and "goulash". It was a tomato based sauce with braised beef. It was delicious.

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #9
Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 3pm

Our tour guide left us atop the Palatine Hill overlooking the Roman Forum. We were a little miffed about that. For one, we felt like our tour guide was "timing us out" 2.5 hours into what was supposed to be a 3 hour tour. The guide arrived 15 minutes late, and the organizer assured us multiple times that timing would be a problem. "He'll stay with you as long as you need," the guy assured us. Bzzt! That carriage turned into a pumpking right on schedule, nevermind that it rolled up 15 minutes late to the ball. And two, the guide left us as we were overlooking a history-rich area we would have loved to have an knowledgeable person guide us through, the Roman Forum.

View of Rome's Via Sacra from Palatine Hill (May 2025)

Oh, and three, we weren't sure how to get down off the hill into the area below.

Well, the power of the Internet in our pockets helped with that. We doubled back toward the Colosseum, which you can see in the distance in the next photo.

The Roman Forum (May 2025)

Fortunately we didn't have to go as far back as the Colosseum, just maybe 1/4 that distance. Then down the steps. Lots of steps.

It's kind of funny but for years when I've heard "Roman Forum" I've thought of a political forum; as in, this is the place where Rome's senators met to discuss lawmaking. Bzzt! It's was more like Main Street, USA... except for being Main Street, SPQR. In the photo above you can see the remnants of some of the temples and public memorials erected in ancient times.

The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, dedicated in 141 CE (May 2025)

This building (above) looked pretty cool. It's one of several temples in the forum. This one's not to a god, though, but to Antoninus and Faustina, an emperor and his wife. It was dedicated by the Roman Senate in 161 CE. Later it was turned into a Catholic church, after the facade was stolen— by the Catholic church, to pretty up another Catholic church. The brick steps would've been put in a few hundred years ago to replace stone steps they stole.

Looking up at Palatine Hill from the Roman Forum (May 2025)

As we walked down the Via Sacra of the Roman Forum one other thing that was interesting was the Palatine Hill itself. A lot is built into the side of it. And you can see people standing on a viewing platform at the top. That's where we were when our guide pumpkined out on us and where I made the first two photos in this journal entry.

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #8
Palatine Hill, Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 1:30pm

Have you seen Caesar's Palace? No, not the casino in Las Vegas; I mean the real Caesar's Palace. The original, in Rome.

Well, I was just there, atop the Palatine Hill in Rome, and I can barely say I saw it, either. That's because Caesar's Palace, called Domus Augustus (the Home of Augustus), which was built almost 2,000 years ago is today in ruins. And even the ruins haven't always been well cared for.



The palace fell into disuse after the fall of the Roman Empire then crumbled. Many of its stones were stolen—or "repurposed" to build or decorate buildings elsewhere, either in Rome or overseas. Plus there was natural deterioration and an earthquake. Together these left the palace not even a shell of its former self; more of an outline of where something amazing once stood. And it got covered over in dirt.

The ruins were rediscovered in the late 17th and early 18th centuries by wealthy landowners. They did some of the excavation and began "repurposing" all over again. They replaced several of the original limestone and marble walls with 17th century bricks, and turned the area into an open-air garden.

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #7
Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 12:30pm

In planning our visit to the Colosseum today we debated whether to hire a tour guide. Generally we like to get around by our own wits— see also, walking and taking the subway to the Colosseum this morning. Though it's not so much that we dislike tour guides as we hate tour groups. We hate seeing/hearing just the least-common-denominator stuff and having to move as slow as the slowest group member— which, in our experience, is often a person who can barely walk and wants to stop for smoke breaks and/or gift shopping frequently. But when we were investigating how to visit the Colosseum on our own we found that it would take a lot of planning effort and still likely entail waiting in long lines when we got here— two other things that we also hate. So we booked a guided tour, a private guided tour, for a few hundred dollars.

Our guide started us out with a history of the Colosseum. It was basically an R-rated soap opera of ancient times. It was a string of one emperor who murdered another, whose mother murdered all his rivals, who then murdered his mother to consolidate power, who then was murdered by rivals without his murderous mother to protect him, et cetera.

"I'm really not interested in who murdered whom," I said with a bit of a snarky tone in my voice. I mean, it's hard not to be snarky when saying those particular words! "I'd like to spend time seeing the architecture of the Colosseum."

That's one of the nice things about private tours: you can customize them to your liking. Our guide shifted from dwelling on ancient incest and murder to taking us around the whole mezzanine level of the Colosseum and the ground level, too.

Visiting the Rome Colosseum (May 2025)

One bit of history I do remember from amid the saga of who-killed-whom was that the Colosseum was built starting in 69 CE. It took 8 years, the guide told us. "That's a long time."

"That's nothing," I shot back. "In San Francisco, where we're from, it took the city 4 years just to build a few toilets."

And to raise money— and labor— to build the Colosseum in those 4 years, the Roman Empire went out and sacked Jerusalem. They scraped out a lot of the treasure and took Jews slaves. "Wow," I quipped, "It's  like some Roman architect saw the pyramids in Egypt and said, 'We've got to hire— I mean, enslave— their construction crew!'"

canyonwalker: The colosseum in Rome, Italy (italy)
Italy Travelog #6
Rome - Sunday, 25 May 2025, 10:40am

This morning we've headed out on what will be a busy day touring Rome, much of it on foot— the way we like to tour. We started with a walk from our hotel down to the nearest metro station, about a mile away. We could've taken a hotel shuttle, free, to the center of town. But as we still would've had to take a taxi from there to the Colosseum we opted to walk to the train and take the train to the Colosseum station. Riding transit is also part of how we like to tour. We like to see the city like locals. Plus, the train was just 1.50€ each, less than a short taxi ride from the shuttle stop would've cost.

Walking the streets - and footpaths - of Rome near our hotel (May 2025)

The walk down to the Cipro station was fun. We saw a lot of residential Rome on our way down the hill. One thing that's interesting is how winding and jumbled together everything is. And this is a part of Rome that was built post-1950, so it's not like the streets are based on ancient cow paths. And while the streets zigzag back and forth climbing the hill our hotel sits atop, there are numerous sidewalks/stairs for pedestrians only that shortcut the route down to the train station.

It's interesting to see how close together everything is here. And the cars parked along the street are tiny. An American-style compact car— there are some of them here—looks huge by comparison. Another interesting bit we saw is that there are apparently community trash cans. Every block or so there's a line of dumpsters with labels for trash, recyclables, food waste, etc. It looks like people walk their own trash out to the community bins. That makes trash pickup simpler— and reduces the clutter of every house and apartment building having its own trashcans near the street.

Train arriving at the Termini station in Rome (May 2025)

From the Cipro station we rode a train into downtown and changed at the Termini station, pictured above. From there it was just a few stops south to the Colosseum. Ah, how much easier it is to get around Rome than in ancient times!

The Colosseum in Rome (May 2025)

The Colosseum is right across the street from the metro stop.

We arrived early for our 10:30 tour so we walked around to see the outside of the Colosseum from different angles.

The Colosseum in Rome (May 2025)

I also used different cameras. For today I'm carrying both my Fujifilm dedicated camera, which captures beautiful, rich colors as in the photo immediately above, as well as my always-in-my-pocked iPhone.

Part of our reason for walking around different sides of the Colosseum was we were trying to find where we were supposed to meet our guide. Apple Maps and Google Maps both sent us on wild goose chases to find the where "Colosseum Plaza 33" was. Different wild goose chases. It turned out our guide was meeting us right at the metro stop. There's a tiny "33" stone above the metro exit. It would've been nice for them to tell us, "Meet us right outside the metro station" before 10:35am.


canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Georgia Travelog #20
Hiawassee - Saturday, 12 Apr 2025, 4:30pm

Most of the hikes we've been doing this trip involve waterfalls. While we love waterfalls, we're not one-note hikers. Peaks, ridges, canyons, etc. are all fun to see, too. When I was researching our two previous hikes today, the amazing double feature of Anna Ruby Falls and the inaptly named Horse Trough Falls, I saw on the map that Brasstown Bald, the highest point in Georgia, was nearby. How could we not bag the highest peak in the state while we're in the area?

Brasstown Bald, the highest point in Georgia (Apr 2025)

Bagging Brasstown Bald doesn't even require a hike, per se. A public road leads to a visitors center 420' below the peak. From there one could hike the remaining elevation... or ride one of the park shuttles for $3. It was already late in the day when we arrived (after 4pm) and we still want to hike two more hikes, short ones, after this, so we opted for the shuttle.

Brasstown Bald, the highest point in Georgia (Apr 2025)

Atop the mountain is another visitors center, a smaller one, with a rooftop deck that provides 360° views. The elevation here is 4,784' (1,458 m).

Brasstown Bald, the highest point in Georgia (Apr 2025)

The view back down across the parking lot shows how much toil we saved by not hiking up. We considered hiking down but chose not to. We figured 1) the walk through the forest wouldn't be very pretty with most of the trees still brown from the winter— at this elevation the seasons are similar to Winnipeg, Canada— and 2) we've still got 2 more hikes we want to do, and daylight won't last forever!

A view of three states from Brasstown Bald, the highest point in Georgia (Apr 2025)

I mentioned there are views in all directions from the top. This one (above) I found especially interesting because it's a view across 3 states. The near mountain ridge and the broad valley dotted with lakes are part of Georgia. The tall mountains in the mid-ground are in North Carolina. And the mountain in the far distance, appearing smoky gray, is Clingmans Dome, the highest point in Tennessee, at elev. 6,644' (2,025 m).


canyonwalker: My other car is a pair of hiking boots (in beauty I walk)
Georgia Travelog #6
Savannah, GA - Tuesday, 8 Apr 2025, 4pm

As of a few days ago we weren't sure what we'd do today, Tuesday, in Savannah. The weather forecast looked not-so-great, with cool weather and a chance of rain. Well, the weather forecast improved as of late last night. The storms passed through quickly yesterday— though they did make visiting the beach less fun— leaving today with clear and gently warm weather. We decided to do another day of self-guided touring on foot in Savannah today. And what a great day it turned out to be for that!

We started with a simple plan. It was as simple as 1-2-3-: One, search "things to do in Savannah" on the web. Two, filter out from that reasonably short list things we a) already did Sunday or b) generally don't like to do. An example of the latter is anything that feels too touristy... like ride a garishly painted tour bus around town. Three, pick a place to have lunch nearby whatever's left to start with lunch.

So we drove downtown at started with lunch at Clary's. It's a 1950s-ish diner serving a wide menu. And unlike many of the restaurants we turned down in our searching, it's not a gentrified place opened a few years ago designed  to look like an idealized 1950s diner, it's a legit 1950s diner with staff who look like they've been working there for 20+ years. Plus some fuzz balls hanging from the A/C vents that look like they've been there at least that long, too. 🤣

After lunch we walked to nearby Forsyth Park.

Forsyth Park, Savannah GA (Apr 2025)

Like I noted on Sunday, downtown Savannah is studded with small city parks. We actually passed through a small park, about 1 square block in size, just walking to Forsyth Park. Forsyth is much larger. It has long promenades and a few fountains and memorials.

Fountain at Forsyth Park, Savannah GA (Apr 2025)

On the promenades to either side of the Forsyth Park Fountain (yes, that's its name) were artists and panhandlers plying their crafts. We chatted with a few of the artists. I met one who's from France and said she likes Savannah because of all these parks in it. "It's like a European city," she said. "Nowhere else in the US feel like home like this."

The other thing we'd picked out to visit today in our 1-2-3 planning exercise was the Basilica of St. John the Baptist. On the way to Forsyth Park, though, we found another house of worship we were curious to visit— the Synagogue of Mikve Israel.

Synagogue of Congregation Mikve Israel, Savannah GA (Apr 2025)

Jewish synagogues aren't as common as Christian churches, or even specifically Catholic churches. But we seem to have a way to find them unintentionally when walking around. It's like Hawk has Jewdar (Jewish radar). Or maybe it's those Jewish mind-control space lasers MAGA-world was ranting about a few years ago. We waited a bit until the temple was open to visitors and then paid to take a guided tour.

This building dates to 1876 but the congregation Mikve Israel was founded in 1733. It's one of the oldest continuous Jewish congregations in the US. The founding families were immigrants from London, most of whom were descendants of Jews who fled Spain and Portugal during the Inquisition.

This house of worship is unusual, architecturally, for a Jewish synagogue. It looks like a Christian church! And not just outside but also inside, where the sanctum is a narrow, high ceiling nave with a transept (so it's in the shape of a cross!), and there's a pipe organ and a choir loft. The guide explained it's because the architects available in 1876 when the congregation was rebuilding after a fire were only familiar with building Christian churches, and neo-Gothic design was also all the rage. So they made it their own and also became the first Jewish congregation to have musical accompaniment with their singing.

Basilica of St. John the Baptist, Savannah GA (Apr 2025)

When we visited the Basilica of St. John the Baptist later in the day it was hard not to see the similarities. I mean, the religious content of what's in side is different; one's a Jewish temple, the other a Catholic cathedral. But they have such similar shape (though the cathedral is larger) with the same iron pillars inside painted to look like marble (a common neo-Gothic technique) and stained glass windows all around.

One thing I found refreshing about this Catholic church is that it was open to visitors. So many other historical Catholic churches we've wanted to visit charge a fee just to walk in— and many even explicitly say that visitors are not welcome. So the fact that this one was not only free of charge but also free of "Thou shalt not..." rules for visitors posted on signs around the doors, was refreshing. Even better, a few volunteers inside gladly answered questions from visitors like us instead of sternly shushing us as if merely attempting to speak were a profanity. It's like it's a church that welcomes people outside the faith who come with curiosity and a desire to learn. Imagine that!


canyonwalker: Hangin' in a hammock (life's a beach)
Georgia Travelog #5
Talahi Island, GA - Monday, 7 Apr 2025, 3:30pm

Today we continued touring in/near Savannah, Georgia with my sister, B. Her husband and daughter didn't join us as they were busy with work and school, respectively. Whereas yesterday we toured in downtown Savannah today we went out to the coast east of town. Our first stop— well, second if I count stopping for lunch along the way— was at Tybee Island.

Tybee Island beach, Georgia (Apr 2025)

There are miles of public beaches on Tybee Island. We drove to near the southern end of the island, where there's a pavilion and pier and a cluster of hotels and shops. I'm not sure why we did that; we didn't need or even particularly want any of the touristy stuff. Though after walking around in the sand for an hour it was satisfying to get ice cream at an ice cream stand a block back from the beach.

The weather wasn't the greatest for having a beach day so we didn't make a day of it. The water was cold and the wind was gusting hard as a storm front moved into the area (it would hit later in the day). In the photo above you can see our hats flapping in the strong wind. Our lanyards were necessary to keep them from flying off our heads every 20 seconds.

After the beach we drove back inland a bit to Fort Pulaski National Monument.

Inside Civil War-era Fort Pulaski National Monument, Georgia (Apr 2025)

Fort Pulaski is a Civil War-era military fort downriver from Savannah. It was seized by the Confederates prior to the declaration of war in 1861 and then captured by the Union in 1862. It has an interesting bit of significance in military history. Its capture by the Union army in 1862 demonstrated the power of rifled canons.

Smooth bore canons were considered incapable of breaching the masonry walls of a fort such as this, especially from the distance of 1.0 - 1.5 miles away where the Union placed its canons. But rifled bore canons changed the equations. They could fire heavier projectiles farther, with greater velocity, and with higher accuracy. When the Union opened fire on Fort Pulaski they breached the walls on the second day of battle. The commander of the fort surrendered 2 hours later. The Union held the fort through the remainder of the war. It was decommissioned about 10 years later as the standardization of rifled canons made it obsolete.

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